The impact of ocean acidification on corals
A study by scientists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) has shown how ocean acidification affects the growth of tropical reef-building corals. Using a numerical model that simulates the mechanism of skeletal growth and combining it with projected changes in ocean acidity, the researchers have managed to more accurately project how, where and to what extent ocean acidification will affect corals.
Coral skeletons are composed primarily of aragonite, a form of calcium carbonate. When the oceans become more acidic due to the absorption of carbon dioxide, corals have difficulty accumulating aragonite and thickening their skeletons. This makes them more vulnerable to currents, waves, storms and attacks by erosive organisms.
The future of coral reefs
The research results suggest that significant declines in the density of coral skeletons will occur on many reefs early in the next century. The Indo-Pacific region is expected to be especially affected, with reductions of up to 20% in coral skeleton densities in parts of the Coral Triangle, which encompasses the waters of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Timor Oriental and the Solomon Islands. However, it is thought that corals in the Caribbean, Hawaii and the northern Red Sea could perform better due to other stressors such as warming oceans.
The importance of coral reefs
Coral reefs are extremely diverse ecosystems and have significant cultural, ecological and economic value. They are home to a wide variety of marine species and provide coastal protection from waves and storms. They are also popular tourist destinations and contribute to the local economy. Therefore, it is crucial to take steps to protect and preserve these valuable ecosystems.