The alarming demographic statistics
The National Statistics Institute (INE) has revealed disturbing data that highlights the serious demographic crisis affecting both Spain and Catalonia. Despite the seriousness of the situation, the authorities seem to be heeding these alarms.
A drastic drop in the birth rate
With a birth rate that has reached 16.61 births per thousand inhabitants, the country is registering an annual decline of 3.84%, which represents the lowest figure in its history. On the other hand, mortality has increased, standing at 18.96, with a negative natural balance that is only compensated by immigration.
Setbacks in fertility
Contrary to the expectations of the INE, the number of children per woman has decreased to a worrying 1.12, a figure that is far from the 2 necessary to maintain the population. In 2023, Spain recorded 320,656 births, 24.7% less than a decade ago, and the abortion rate exceeds 100,000, indicating that for every three births, one abortion occurs.
The role of immigration in population growth
Despite the worrying statistics, the total population of Spain has grown, reaching 48,946,035 inhabitants, an increase of 134,890 people in just three months. This situation is mainly due to the high immigration in recent years.
Transformations in family structures
The decrease in the marriage rate, which has fallen by 5.11% compared to the previous year, reflects a significant change in family models, with only 3.55 marriages per thousand inhabitants. In addition, the average age of women when having their first child has risen to 32.5 years, which makes it difficult to have a second child.
Catalonia: a case with its own nuances
Catalonia presents a similar demographic reality, with a fertility rate of 1.2, slightly higher than the Spanish average, but still insufficient. Migration, higher than the national average, increases the pressure on services and housing, especially in urban areas.
Religious affiliation and fertility
A recent study by the Center for Sociological Studies of the Generalitat has shown that fertility varies significantly according to religious affiliation. Muslim women lead with an index of 3.15 children, followed by practicing Catholics (2.26) and evangelical women (2.19). These data underscore a deep social problem, as the decline in Catholicism correlates with the decline in birth rates and marriage rates.
An uncertain future without effective measures
The erosion of Catholicism as a central element in Spanish society presents worrying consequences for the country’s demographic future. Without decisive actions to address this demographic crisis, both Spain and Catalonia face a difficult scenario that may affect their long-term viability.