A new age in the fight against cancer
Researchers at the Research Institute of the Hospital del Mar, together with the Autonomous Universities of Barcelona and Pompeu Fabra, have designed an innovative technique aimed at improving the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. This initiative seeks to optimize NK cells, which play a crucial role in the detection and elimination of tumor cells.
Challenge to tumor barriers
NK cells, despite their combative nature, are often limited by tumors’ defenses, which allows them to proliferate. In order to overcome this obstacle, researchers have used CRISPR/CAS9 technology to genetically alter these cells, eliminating a specific gene that made them vulnerable to two molecules produced by tumors.
International collaboration for innovation
The project has been carried out within the framework of a European Research Network, with the participation of experts from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden, as well as companies like Miltenyi and Glycostem Therapeutics. In addition, it has been supported by various institutions such as the Hospital Clínic-Idibaps and the Ciberon.
Proven efficiency in preclinical models
The purpose of the work was to validate the capacity of NK cells modified to counteract the adverse effects of TGF-β molecules and activate A, common in solid tumors such as Positive Her2 breast cancer and metastatic colorectal cancer. Tests performed both in vitro and in animal models have revealed that these NK cells are capable of penetrating and destroying tumors.
Improvement in cancer control
Aura Muntasell, a team researcher, emphasizes that modified cells have a higher capacity to control tumor growth in living environments, either alone or in combination with other therapies, such as anti-Her2 antibodies.
A decisive step towards new therapies
In order to achieve these results, the SMAD4 gene, essential in the signaling of molecules that hindered the action of NK cells, has been deactivated. Marc Güell, a UPF professor, explains that the process involves a temporary exposure of cells to the CRISPR/CAS9 system, scheduled to eliminate SMAD4.
Promising future for resistant patients
The results of this study open new doors for patients with solid tumors who have not responded to conventional immunotherapy. Dr. Clara Montagut, chief of gastrointestinal cancer section, emphasizes the importance of this innovation, which represents a significant opportunity in the treatment of these cases.
Clinical trial underway
Muntasell and Montagut lead a project funded by the Carlos III Health Institute, which seeks to carry out a phase clinical trial and to evaluate the safety of NK cells modified in patients with colorectal cancer refractory to other treatments.
Publication in scientific journals
The details of this research have been published in the prestigious ‘Nature Immunology’ magazine, a recognition of the importance of this work in the field of immunotherapy.