A new approach to the 20th century
The British historian Eric Hobsbawm established an innovative periodization of the contemporary age, defining the 19th century as a period that extended from the French Revolution to the beginning of World War I. However, its model has been questioned by some contemporary thinkers, who propose that the twentieth century did not conclude with the fall of the USSR, but should be extended until the present decade.
Reconfiguration of the international system
According to this new perspective, the world has passed through several phases: a multipolar system in the early twentieth century, a bipolar system during the Cold War, and a unipolar system with the hegemony of the post-1991 United States. Now, we could be heading towards a new multipolar balance, with China emerging as the leader of a new international coalition.
The new geopolitical dynamics
The current international situation is characterized by a challenge to the established order. The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has shaken the foundations of the international consensus that it had reigned since 1945. Other actors, such as Turkey and Iran, have also begun playing a more active role, questioning the authority of traditional allies.
The Rebuig de L’Ordre Neoliberal
The current scenario reveals a disenchantment with the predominant neoliberal order. The Brexit and the rise of Donald Trump are examples of how the ideas of globalization and international cooperation are being reviewed. This opens the door to a debate on the future of international institutions and the pacts that have governed the relations between states.
A world in transformation
With increasing tensions, it is not uncommon for several countries to redefine their alliances. China, with its economic influence, has become a central actor, while the BRICs explore new opportunities to counteract Western hegemony.
Reflections on the future
The current international landscape reminds us that the theories about the present are always risky. The lessons from the past teach us that the future is uncertain, and that the ideas that seemed to be consolidated can be quickly questioned. As we enter this new age, it is essential to maintain a critical and open look at the events that are modeling the world.