The historical legacy and changes in European politics
Over time, Europe has witnessed radical transformations in its political landscape. In 1848, Marx and Engels raised their voices with their ‘communist manifesto’, warning of a spectrum that threatened the continent. In the face of this challenge, liberalism evolved, adapting to offering a proposal for more attractive freedom and equality, which has given rise to the social and political structures we know today.
World conflict and ideologies at stake
World War II was not only a military conflict, but also a confrontation between opposite political models: liberal democracy, Soviet communism and fascism. With the fall of fascism in 1945, its prestige suffered a definitive collapse, while communism emerged as an alternative during the Cold War, leaving fascism as an option rejected by Western society.
A new phenomenon: xenophobic populism
After the fall of the Berlin Wall, liberal democracy seemed to be the desired path to European citizenship. However, the 21st century has brought a new challenge: a populism that, despite its roots in ideologies of the past, has a renewed facet that has gained strength. We have observed its growth in Austria, France, the Netherlands, Italy and Scandinavia, as well as their consolidation in Germany and their emergency in nations that seemed immune to fascism.
The challenge of new politicization
Xenophobic populism has gained ground and has influenced political agendas and institutions in Europe. European society, which had overcome fascism, is now facing this new variant that challenges the foundations of democracy. Its influence has not diminished despite attempts to contain it through electoral measures or collaboration policies.
Reflections on democracy and inclusivity
The growing representativeness of outright leads us to question our understanding of politics and democracy. Why do some citizens seem willing to give up freedoms in exchange for false security? Xenophobia, which is often presented as a simple solution, does not reflect the humanist and European values that we intend to defend so much. The reality is that diversity and inclusion are essential for social progress.
The need for a new speech
Democracy is not only a matter of majority, but also a system that must guarantee the equality of minorities. Our society needs a discourse that counteracts this new populism pandemic, as social media amplifies messages and influences immediately, especially among young people. History teaches us that union and diversity are the keys to a better future.
Looking forward
The challenge we face is complex and urgent. We need to find innovative ways to respond to the concerns of society and to integrate the diverse voices that compose it. Only in this way can we build a future where democracy is really synonymous with well -being and justice for all.
Eduardo Javier Ruiz Vieytez, professor of Social and Human Sciences at the University of Deusto (Bilbao), reminds us of the importance of reflecting on these topics and of acting to preserve the values that are based on our societies.