The Alarming Increase in Synthetic Drug Consumption
The recent World Drug Report 2024, presented by the United Nations Office on Crime and Drugs (UNODC), reveals disturbing data on drug consumption worldwide. Amid growing awareness of the risks of fentanyl and policies underway to combat this dangerous drug, a new threat is emerging: nitazene. According to the UN annual report, the use of this synthetic drug is increasing in Europe and North America.
Characteristics and Dangers of Nitazene
Nitazene, cheaper to produce than heroin, is consumed in smaller quantities and has greater addictive potential. This synthetic drug, which can be confused with other narcotics or adulterated, has been associated with at least 200 overdoses in Europe, although its detection is difficult, suggesting that the real number could be even higher. With 20 known subtypes, isotonitazene is the most popular, included in the list of narcotics under special surveillance by the Ministry of Health in 2021.
Origin and Effects of Nitazene
Unlike fentanyl, nitazene was never approved for medical use, but was instead produced illegally after being banned by US authorities. This drug, which dates back to the 1950s, resurfaced when it began to be produced illegally in the Midwest of the United States in 2019, subsequently spreading to Europe. Its effects, similar to other opioids, include narrowing of the pupils, slowing of the respiratory and nervous systems, and an increased propensity for overdose due to its potency.
Relationship with Afghanistan and Opium Shortage
The expansion of nitazene coincides with a ban on opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan, the main source of opium, which has led to a 74% decline in the global opium supply. This shortage has led consumers to seek alternatives, such as synthetic opioids, including fentanyl and nitazene, with Burma emerging as the world’s leading opium producer.
