The Various Storage Systems
Energy storage devices and infrastructure are essential to the energy transition, as they allow surplus energy to be stored and supplied when needed. These technologies are connected to the electricity grid and play a key role in adapting to intermittent energy sources such as wind and photovoltaic.
The most common storage systems include pumped hydro infrastructure, where water is pumped between two reservoirs to store energy and generate electricity when needed. However, these systems have limitations in their location and construction cost, motivating the search and implementation of more accessible alternatives.
Infrastructure Challenges
Despite the recognition of the importance of energy storage systems, there is still a lack of adequate infrastructure. Countries such as China, the United States and India are making large investments in storage systems, but still face challenges in large-scale implementation, especially in residential environments.
Sustainable Development Needs
The Sustainable Development Goals call for a transition to zero emissions by 2050, driving the implementation of solar, photovoltaic and other energy systems on five continents. This will mean a greater demand for energy, requiring the deployment of complementary storage facilities to ensure a continuous supply.
The challenge lies in the combination of renewable energies with storage techniques to overcome the limitations inherent in intermittent generation. Without these developments, the only alternative to maintain a continuous supply will be nuclear or thermal power plants, raising an energy dilemma in countries like Spain.
