A Camouflaged Plague
With its attractive yellow blooms, the Cape ragwort looks like a beautiful daisy, but behind this charming image hides one of the most harmful plants for our ecosystem. This species, native to southern Africa, has become a real problem for herds and native vegetation in Catalonia, threatening the sustainability of mountain pastures.
An Unexpected Introduction
Its arrival in Europe dates back approximately 40 years, when it was introduced through imported wool. Since then, the senecio has found the Pyrenees an ideal habitat to expand, causing an alarming growth that has left experts such as Joan Pino, director of CREAF, with little more than the need to control its spread in protected areas. ‘There is no way to eradicate it completely,’ he acknowledges.
The Impact of Climate Change
Globalization and climate change have facilitated the invasion of exotic species in Catalonia, with more than 1,600 species identified, 20% of which are considered invasive. ‘This indicates that Catalonia has been affected, but also that we have dedicated significant efforts to studying these species,’ explains Pino.
Rapid Growth and Persistence
Cape ragwort is capable of producing up to 10,000 seeds per year, which are dispersed by wind or accidentally transported by animals and vehicles. This resilience, together with its reproductive capacity that extends from March to December, makes its eradication a monumental task.
Initiatives to Combat the Invasion
In the Cadí-Moixeró Natural Park, authorities have launched campaigns to control the presence of Cape ragwort, with the collaboration of local farmers. ‘The situation is complicated, and despite our efforts, the growth of the plant is unstoppable,’ warns Joan Casòliva, a park technician.
Collaboration between Farmers and Authorities
Farmers, such as Joan Noguera, president of the Pyrenean Brown Horse Federation, acknowledge that, although they try to manually eliminate the plant, its proliferation is a challenge that is beyond their control. ‘We are concerned about the impact it has on our pastures,’ he says.
The Importance of Mountain Pastures
Mountain pastures are essential for maintaining a balanced ecosystem and preventing forest fires. ‘They are vital for biodiversity, as they provide food for many animal species,’ says Casòliva, underlining the importance of conserving these areas in the face of the invasion of the Cape ragwort.
Looking to the Future
With efforts underway to control Cape ragweed, it is clear that the fight against invasive species is a long and complex journey. Collaboration between scientists, ranchers and authorities is essential to ensure the health of our natural heritage. The ability to adapt and act in the face of this threat will shape the future of our pastures.
