Impact of Climate Change on Castellera Practice
A recent study by the Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) reveals that the climatic conditions for building castles during the summer are deteriorating due to climate change. This research, which analyzes data from 1951 to 2023, shows a notable increase in temperatures, with increases reaching +0.42 °C per decade on key dates such as June 24 in Valls.
Days with a worrying heat index
The most emblematic festivities of the Camp de Tarragona and Penedès, such as those of Santa Anna or Sant Fèlix, have been marked by a Heat Index that has been placed at ‘maximum caution’ levels. This means that the conditions for human tower activities have become increasingly demanding and potentially dangerous.
Meteorological Data Analysis
The work of the University Institute for Research on Sustainability, Climate Change and Energy Transition (IURESCAT) has shown that during the days studied, the temperature exceeded 30 °C on seven occasions, with maximums of up to 34.6 °C in Vilafranca del Penedès. The researchers have also noted an increase of up to 4 °C between temperatures in the shade and in the sun.
The Urban Heat Island Phenomenon
Another relevant aspect is the urban heat island phenomenon, which causes temperatures in squares to be usually higher than in adjacent rural areas. This situation is exacerbated during the days with a Heat Index that is often classified as ‘precautionary’.
Critical Heat Index Values
Among the days analyzed, the highest value of the Heat Index was recorded on the day of Saint Felix, with 38.24 °C, followed by Saint Anna and Saint Rosalia, which also presented alarming values.
Recommendations for the Safety of Castellers
In order to ensure safety during the performances, workshops have been held with casteller groups to identify the most favorable weather conditions. The castellers have expressed that the ideal temperatures for the activity should be between 18.5 °C and 25.5 °C, and that castellers should not be allowed to be built if the temperature exceeds 34 °C.
A Necessary Debate on the Future of Castles
The study concludes that it is urgent to open a debate on the adaptation measures that need to be implemented to guarantee the safety of participants and protect the cultural richness of the castells. Collaboration between castellers, organizers and administrations is essential to face this climate challenge effectively.