A new approach to physical activity
Researchers at the National Cancer Research Center (CNIO) have deciphered a key mechanism that could transform the way we understand the desire to exercise. In a recent study published in Science Advances, they have revealed that interleukin 15, a protein produced by muscles, plays an essential role in stimulating our drive to move.
The role of IL-15 in the brain
IL-15 acts as a messenger that travels through the blood system to the motor cortex of the brain, where it triggers a reaction that increases our predisposition to physical activity. This finding suggests that there is a regulatory system that not only controls exercise, but can also be manipulated to develop treatments that encourage physical activity in those who are usually reluctant to exercise.
A complex system of proteins
The study found that IL-15 does not act alone; in fact, there are two other proteins in the p38 family that directly influence the desire to exercise. When muscles contract repeatedly, these proteins are activated, and the p38 ypsilon variant is particularly significant, as it increases the production of IL-15. This creates a positive cycle that increases the desire to exercise.
Differences in protein levels between individuals
The researchers analyzed data from participants with different levels of physical activity, including people with obesity. The results showed that those who were overweight had significantly lower levels of IL-15, a factor that could explain their lack of motivation to participate in physical activities. This finding offers a new perspective on the obstacles that prevent many people from exercising.
Implications for public health
Guadalupe Sabio, leader of the study, highlights the importance of IL-15 in the regulation of physical activity. ‘The muscle releases IL-15 during exercise, which prompts us to keep moving. However, obese people have lower levels of this protein, which reduces their desire to exercise,’ he explains. This information could be key for future treatments that seek to improve the health of populations with low levels of physical activity.
Looking to the future
With these new findings, the field of exercise and health research is headed for a promising horizon. The possibility of developing drugs that increase the levels of IL-15 in the body could open new ways to fight obesity and promote a more active lifestyle, thus improving the quality of life of thousands of people.
